. 形容词和副词比较等级的用法 I ）同级比较：
1 甲与乙相比程度相同：用 as+ 原级形容词/ 副词+as 2 甲与乙相比，甲不及乙：用 notas/so+ 形容词/ 副词 as 。如：
Dickisastallashisbrother. Tomspeaks Chineseas frequentlyas Jack. Thepictureis(not)asbeautifulasthatone. II ）比较级：
1. 表示 A 超过 B 。此时用形容词和副词的比较等级 more(adj/adv+er)+than
Ourclassroomisbrighterthanyours.
HedidmorecarefullyintheexamthanI.
Idon’tthinkmathismoreimportantthanphysics.
.2 2 示 表示 A 不 不及 及 B 用句型：less+ 形容词/ 副词的原级+than=notas/so+ 形容词/ 副词as=notmore---than--- 如：这幅画比不上那幅画漂亮
2 2. 比较级的修饰语。这些修饰语通常为副词或短语，置于比较级前面，说明比较级的程度。这 些 词 有 ：alittle,little,abit,bit,alot,agreatdeal,much,far,rather,slightly,byfar,even,still,nearly,almost,any,just,(…)times 等。
Themoonismuchsmallerthantheearth.
Theresultoftheexperimentturnedouttobeevenbetterthanexpected.
Speakabitmoreslowly,please.
3． ． 形容词和副词比较级的特殊用法
1 1 ）e moreandmore 越来越……如：
Youaregrowingtallerandtaller. Englishisbecomingmoreandmoreimportant. 2 2). Themore--------,themore-----------. 越……，越…… Theharderheworks,the happierhewillfeel.
Themorecarefulyouare,thebetteryouwilldointheexam. Theharde ryoustudy,thegreaterprogressyou’llmake. 4 4) 倍数的表达法
① 倍数（half,once,twice,…times+as+ 形容词+as
② ② 倍数+ + 形容词比较级 +than…
③ ③ 倍数 +the(size,height,length,weight,width,depth,age)+of…
Thewhiteboxis four times deeper than theblackbox.
Thisroadis twice longer than thatone.
Theredbuildingis twice the height of thegreybuilding.
Ourschoolist t hree times the size of yours.
Thestreetis four times the length of thatone.
Theoutputofthepapermillisthreetimeshigherthanitwaslastyea
5) 否定词 t not 与 与 r never 与比较级连用相当于最高级
(1)Youcan’tdoitbetter.=Youdoitthebest.
(2)Theteachercan’texplainthegrammarmoreclearly.
=Th eteacherexplainsthegrammarthemostclearly.
(3)__Whatdoyouthinkofthefilm?
__Wonderful.I’veneverseenabetterone.=ThisisthebestfilmthatI’veseen.
(4)YousingverywellandI’veneverheardamorebeautifulvoice= ----
(5)Howwonderfullyshesings!I’veneverheardabettervoice.=--- I II. . 形容词和副词比较等级 练习
I.Choosethebestanswer 1.------Whatdidyoulikethefilm? -------It’swonderful.-I’veneverseen_______. A.abetterB.aworseC.thebestD.theworst 2.Thenumberofpeoplepresentattheconcertwas_______thanexpected.Thereweremanyticketsleft. A.muchsmallerB.muchmoreC.muchlargerD.manymore 3.ItisreportedthattheUnitedStatesuses___energyasthewholeofEurope. A.astwiceB.twicemuchC.twicemuchasD.twiceasmuch 4.Thehouserentisexpensive.I’vegotabouthalfthespaceIhadathomeandI’mpaying_____here. A.asthreetimesmuchB.asmuchthreetimes C.muchasthreetimesD.threetimesasmuch 5.Ourneighborshas__________ours. A.asabighouseasB.asbigahouseas C.thesamebighouseasD.ahousethesamebigas 6.Themoreyouread,_________. A.themoreyoulearnB.themoreyou’lllearn C.moreandmoreyouyou’lllearnD.you’lllearnthemore III.spend,cost,take,pay 和 和 payfor （ （1 ）
spend . 他花了很多钱买了这辆新车。
他平时把尽可能多的时间花费在读书上。
（ （2 ）
cost ：
. 这本书用了他一美元。
. 乘船到伦敦要用 12 英磅
（ （3 ）
take . 到邮局用去了我十分钟时间。
他们用了两年时间拍这部新影片。
（ （4 ）
pay 他花了很多钱买了这辆新车.
. 这本书用了他一美元。
（ （5 ）
payfor . 你得付你的饭费.
IV.notuntil
1.NotuntilIbegantowork_____howmuchtimeIhadwasted.
A.didn’tIrealize B.didIrealize
C.Ididn’trealize D.Irealize 2.Notuntilallthefishdiedintheriver_____howseriousthepollutionwas.
A.didthevillagersrealize
B.thevillagersrealized
C.thevillagersdidrealized
D.didn’tthevillagersrealize 3.NotuntilIbegantowork____howmuchtimeIhadwasted. A.didn"tIrealizeB.didIrealize C.Ididn"trealizeD.Irealized 4.Notuntilhearrivedhome_____hefindthatthiswallethadbeenstolen. A.didB.wouldC.whenD.that 5.Notuntilhisfatherwasoutofprison____toschool. A.canJohngo
B.JohncangoC.couldJohngo D.Johncouldgo 6.Notuntilallthefishdiedintheriver_____howseriousthepollutionwas. A.didthevillagersrealize
B.thevillagersrealized C.thevillagersdidrealized
D.didn’tthevillagersrealize 7.Itwasabout600yearsago______thefirstclockwithafaceandanhourhandwasmade.(97 全国卷) A.that B.until
C.before D.when 8.Itwas___backhomeaftertheexperiment.(04 湖北卷) A.notuntilmidnightdidhego B.untilmidnightthathedidn’tgo C.notuntilmidnightthathewent D.untilmidnightwhenhedidn’tgo 9.Itwasn’tuntilnearlyamonthlater_____Ireceivedthemanager’sreply.(05 全国卷 I) A.since B.when C.as D.that 10.Itwasnotuntilshegothome_______Jenniferrealizedshehadlostherkeys.(06 全国卷 卷 II) A.when B.that C.where D.before V+edform ed 分词既可以作前置定语, 也可以作后置定语。
.1 单个的过去分词作前置定语。
.1 ）及物动词的过去分词具有被动和完成意义。如: Isawabrokencuponthetable. Hetookcareofawoundedsoldier. HisspokenEnglishispoor. 2 ）. 不及物动词的 ed 形式不表被动只表完成。
Sheisagrownwoman. Thepolicearerunningafteranescapedprisoner
Inautumnfallenleavescanbeseenontheground. Theylookedupattherisensun. Youshoulddrinkboiledwater. 2. 作后置定语，通常是及物动词的过去分词, 过去分词短语作定语通 常后置，其作用相当于被动的定语从句，ed 前不加 be 动词。如: 1 ）.ThisisacolorTVsetproducedlastyear =ThisisacolorTVsetthatwereproducedlastyear 2 ）.Thisisaletterwrittentomebymydaughter =Thisisaletterthatwaswrittentomebymydaughter 一封我女儿写给我的信 3 ）.IsthisthebookwrittenbyHenryJames? =Isthisthebookwhich/thatwaswrittenbyHenryJames? 4 ）.Hewasaprofessorrespectedbyalltheteachersandstudentsofthecollege. =Hewasaprofessorwho/thatwasrespectedbyalltheteachersandstudentsofthecollege
练习：改写下列句子。
1) ．IlikethebookwrittenbyBiShumin. 2).HeisreadinganovelwrittenbyShakespeare. 30IlikefilmsdirectedbyZhangYimu. 3 ．过去分词作定语与现在分词作定语的区别：
过去分词作定语表示被动意义而动作已经完成，而现在分词作定语表示主动意义而动作正在进行。如：
1) JapanisadevelopedcountrywhileChinaisadevelopingcountry. 2) Don’tdrinkboilingwater.Drinkboiledwater. 3) EnglandisanEnglish-speakingcountrysospokenEnglishisheardeverywhere. 4) fallenleaves____fallingleaves 5) Therisensun_____therisingsun 6 ）ThepersongivingusaspeechisaprofessorfromCanada. =ThepersonwhoisgivingusaspeechisaprofessorfromCanada. 现在分词作定语相当于主动的定语从句。
4.donebeingdonetobedone 的区别 1.Thebuildingbuiltlastmonthisourclassroombuilding 2.Thebuildingbeingbuiltnowisourclassroombuilding. 3Thebuildingtobebuiltnextmonthisourclassroombuilding. 4Thequestion_____(raise)atthemeetingyesterdayisimportant. 5Theproblem____(discuss)atthemeetingtomorrowisimportant. 6.Theproblem____(discuss)atthemeetingnowisimportant.
练习：1I. 改写下列句子。
1 ．IlikethebookwrittenbyBiShumin. 2.HeisreadinganovelwrittenbyShakespeare. 3IlikefilmsdirectedbyZhangYimu. II. 用正确的形式填空 1.Thequestion_____(raise)atthemeetingyesterdayisimportant.
2.Theproblem____(discuss)atthemeetingtomorrowisimportant. 3.Theproblem____(discuss)atthemeetingnowisimportant. III. 选择填空 1.Don’tusewords,expressionsorphrases__onlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge.
A.beingknownB.havingbeenknownC.tobeknownD.known 2 ． ． ReadingisanexperiencequitedifferentfromwatchingTV;therearepictures____inyourmindinsteadofbeforeyoureyes.A.toformB.formC.formedD.havingformed 3.therewasan____lookonhisfacewhentheactressappeared. A.excitedB.excitementC.excitingD.excitedly 4.It’swrongforthe__countriestocontroltheworld.A.developmentB.developingC.developedD.develop 5.Ihavecollectedthemoney____. A.needingB.needC.toneedD.needed 6.Thebridge___nextyearwillbeverylong. A.beingbuiltB.tobebuiltC.builtD.building
7.Thebookcanbeusedin___countries. A.English-speakingB.English-spokenC.speaking-EnglishD.spoken-English 9.Thisistheproblem___atthemeetingyesterday.A.beingdiscussed;B.havingdiscussed C.tobediscussedD.discussed 10.The___lookonhisfacesuggested thathehadnotexpectedso.A.surprisedB.surprisingC.excitedD.exciting 11.TheOlympicGames,_____in776BC,didn’tincludewomenplayersuntil1912. A.firstplayingB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayedD.tobefirstplaying 2.Whatshouldyoudoifthereisnofood_____foryouwhenyougethomeafteraday’swork? A.isleftB.leftC.leaveD.leaving 3.WhenIgotbackhomeIsawamessage___tothedoorreading“Sorrytomissyou,willyoucalllater ？” A.pinningB.pinnedC.tobepinningD.tobepinned 4.Thecomputercenter,____lastyear,isverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool. A.openB.openingC.havingopenedD.opened 5.Thefirsttextbook___forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury. A.havingwrittenB.tobewritten C.beingwrittenD.written 6. ＿inawhiteuniform,helooksmorelikeacookthanadoctor.
A.DressedB.TodressC.DressingD.Havingdressed
7. ＿tohisresearch,healmostforgoteverything. A.DevotingB.DevotedC.TodevoteD.Devote 17___someofficials,Napoleoninspectedhisarmy. AFollowedBFollowedby CBeingfollowedDHavingbeenfollowedby 8Mostofthepeople____tothepartywerefamousscientists. AinvitedBtoinviteCbeinginvitedDinviting 9.Thequestion______nowatthemeetingisnotthequestion______yesterday. A.discussed;discussed
B.discussing;haddiscussed C.beingdiscussed;discussed
D.discussing;discussing 10.I’dratherthatTom
thecomingexamnextmonth.. A.willpassB.passesCpassedD.wouldpass 11.Hurryup,Tom.It’shightimethatyou
readforbreakfast. A.mustgetB.getC.gotD.willget