三种类型的固定词组 1. 用零冠词的习语有三类:
1) “动词+零冠词+名词”,如:
cast anchor 抛锚
lose heart
丧失信心 着火
make way
前进 改变方向
change gear
换档 delay sentence
推迟判决
mount guard
上岗 捎信 启航
2)“介词+零冠词+名词(+介词)”,如:
at home在家
at first起初
at most 最多
at home and abroad在国内外
by chance偶然
by day
在白天
by means of 通过,借助
for instance 例如
from beginning 从头
in advance 预先
in business 经商 in charge 主管
in common 共有
in danger 在危险中
in debt 负债
in doubt 怀疑
in fear 恐惧 in front of 在……前面
in need of 需要
in place of 代替
in public 当众
in silence 无声地 in sight 看得见
in space 在太空中
in spite of 不管
in time of 在……时
on account of 因为 on foot
步行
on hand
在手头
on duty 在值班
on show 在展示
out of breath 喘不过气来
out of control 失控
out of date
过时
out of work 失业
at least 至少
3)“动词+零冠词+名词+介词”,如:
catch sight of 看到
make use of 利用 当……用
do harm to 对……有害
do wrong to 冤枉
find fault with 挑剔
take(catch)hold of 抓住 pay attention to 注意 take exception to 反对 take care of 照顾 take part in 参加
take pride in 以……为自豪 2. 用不定冠词的习语 A few
a little
a lot of
a bit,
a couple of
a great deal of(大量)
all of a sudden(突然)
as a matter of fact(实际上)
as a result 因此
as a rule(惯例)
as a whole(总之)
at a loss 不知所措
at a distance 在远处
be a pity(遗憾)
catch a cold(感冒)
do sb. a favour(帮忙)
have a cold(headache, fever)(感冒(头痛、发烧))
have a good time(玩得愉快)
have a word with sb.(与…交谈)
in a day or two(一两天)
in a hurry(匆忙的)
in a way 在某种程度上
in a word(简言之)
keep an eye on 注意着
lend a hand 帮忙
many a(许多)
make a fire 生火
make a fool of 愚弄
make a fortune 发财
make a living(谋生)
of a size(大小相同)
once in a while 偶尔 pay a visit to(访问)
put an end to 终止
take a pride in(自豪)
take a walk(break, bath, seat)(散步(休息、洗澡、就座)
with a will 坚决地 3. 用定冠词的习语 at the moment 此时
all over the country 遍及全国
at the age of 在……岁时
at the same time 同时 act the lord 逞威风
burn the midnight oil 开夜车
by the way 顺便提及
beside the question 离题 carry the day 获胜
in the dark 在暗处
in the air 在空中
in the end 最终
in the open 在户外
in the sun 在阳光下
in the morning/afternoon/evening 在早晨/下午/晚上 in the distance 在远处 in the future 未来
in the right 有道理
in the form of 以……的形式 in the habit of 有……的习惯 keep the house 居家不外出
keep the peace 维持治安
on the air 在广播
on the farm 在农场
on the spot 当场
on the radio 通过无线电
on the average 平均
on the shore 在沙滩 on the increase/decrease 增长/下降 on the one hand 一方面 on the other hand 另一方面
on the whole 总的说来
on the alert 警惕
on the right 在右边
on the rise/fall 增长/下降 on the contrary 相反
on the air 广播
out of the question 不可能
play the fool 做傻事 put the blame on sb 归咎于某人 take the field 出征 take the consequences 自食其果
take the place of 代替 the other day 前几天
tell the truth 说真话
to the point 切题
4、在某些习惯用语中,用还是不用冠词,意义不同,有时甚至差别很大 go to sea 当水手
go to the sea 去海边
in future 从今以后,将来
in the future 未来
on earth 究竟
on the earth 在地球上,在世上
go to school (church…) 上学(做礼拜…)
go to the school (church…) 到学校(教堂)去
in front of 在…(外部的)前面 in the front of 在…(内部的)前面