音节 : 由因素组成, 我们知道因素分为元音与辅音,在英语中所有得元音都构成音节, 因为它们都发音响亮。而辅音中只有三个较响亮得音可以与它们前面得另一个辅音构成音节,它们就是 [ m], , [n n ], ,[ [l] ] 、一般来说,一个音节可以只就是一个元音 , 也可以由一个元音与若干辅音构成。
英语中常见音节得六种类型: :
1 1 、开音节:以发音得元音字母结尾得音节。
① 绝对开音节:
:
辅音字母+ 元音字母 例如:no,go, hi,she,he, we, so, ba-by, stu—dent, se—cret, ta-ble、 ② 相对开音节:
元 音字母+
辅音字母(r 除外)+e
(以发音得元音字母加单个辅音字母,再加一个不发音字母 e 结尾得重读音节)
例如:name, these, bike, home, cute、
2 、闭 音节:
元音字母+1 个或几个辅音字母(r 除外)
( (以一个或几个辅音字母结尾(r 除外),而中间只有一个元音字母得音节。) 例如 : map , desk , man, shop, nice, like, test, duck、 3 、 r 音节: 以元音字母加辅音字母 r 为主体构成得音节。
其拼写形式为: 元音字母 + r( 前后都 可有其她得辅音字母) 。
例如:her, nurse, first, north、 4 、 re 音节:
以元音字母加re 为主体构成得音节。
例如:care, where, more, pure、 5、 、
字母组合音节: 以元音字母加元音字母, 或由元音字母加某些特定得辅音字母为主体构成得音节。
例如:meat, food, young, flow、 6 、 成音节:
:
辅音 中 三 个发音较响亮得音 音[m ]
[n]
[ǀ ǀ]在后面 在后面没有元音得情况下, 可以与前面得辅音结合构成一个音节,叫成音节:
:
[zn]
[ sǀ ǀ]
[f n]
[ dǀ ǀ] ]
[ [vn ]
[pǀ ǀ] ]。
。
如:apple[ˈæpl], pencil[ˈpensl], lessen[ˈlesn], listen [ˈlIsn], reason[ˈri:zn], people[ˈpi:pl], little[ˈlItl]
元音字母在重读 开 音节 与闭音节 中得读音 规律 a
在开音节中[eɪ]
name ,bake, cake, gate, lake, maze, tape, vase, safe, save, take, case, fate, fade, mate, late, hate, game, same, face, plane, Jane, age, skate, wave…
在闭音节中[æ]
bag, dad, hat, map, black, back, cat, fat, gas, sad, tag, act, mad, fan… e 在开音节中[i:]
he , she, me, we, be, these,
在闭音节中[e]
bed, let, pen, desk, yes, egg, red, get, left, bet, neck, rest, wet, best, beg, ten, set, pet, hen, them, vet… i 在开音节中[aɪ ɪ]
bike, drive, time, nice, kite, line, file, pipe, wife, bite, fine, hide, hike, life, like, mile, mine, rise, side, site, size, wine, wise, prize, fly ,by, cry, dry…
在闭音节中[ɪ ɪ]
it, is, six, bit, kid, kick, did, fit, fish, big, sit, milk, kiss, fix, zip, dig, swim rich, pick… o 在开音节中[əʊ ʊ]
go, no, old, hope, those, close, home, code, joke, coke, broke, vote, note, bone, tone, rose, nose, pose, stove, Rome… 在闭音节中[ɒ ɒ]
clock, not, got, dot, ox, fox, pop, hot, lost, lot, dog, stop, job, box, shop, sock, knock, lock… u 在开音节中[j u:]
① ① 当 u__e 位于 c, f, h, m 或者 p 之后时, 发[ ju:] : cube, cute, amuse, mute, huge, mule, Muse, pule…
② ② 当 u__e 位于 j, l, r 或者 y 之后时, 发[u:
:] :June, lube, lute, rude, rule, Yule… ③当 u__e 位于d, t或者 n 之后时, 发[ ju :] 或者[ u]:dude, duke, dune, tube, tune, nude, 在闭音节中[ʌ ʌ]
bus, cup, cut, bug, but, dust, gun, fun, hug, must, up, sum, shut, tub, jump, much, lunch, rub, duck, luck… 英语音标及字母组合对照 1、 、 元音:
1)
)
[i :]
字母组合:
:ee
ea
e
i e
e i
(eo ey
i )
ee :
t hree ,
tree ,
g ree n, sheep, meet t, ,
b eef, se e, seek k, dee p,
bee , pee, feed ,
heel , fre e, fe e, keep, sweet ,
fe el ,
pe el, j eep, Gr eek , need, s ee m, k keen , kneel , wee k,
c heese ,
st reet , a gree…
ea: ea t, tea , me at , meal, pea, se a, peace, pe ach ,
read,
beat ,
d ream, we ak , heat , neat,
beast , cre am, , l ea p,
be ach,
bea n, peak, leave , lead d, , t ea cher , team, me an , speak, clean , please… e :
he , she,
me, we , be… ie:
piec e, niece ,
field , t hief, ach ieve,
believe… ei :
eith er, ne ither, c ei lin g,
receive, rece ipt, dec ce eive , seiz e、、、 2 2)
[ [ɪ ɪ ] 发音字母
i
y
e
ui
u
a i:
sit, it t, , is , li st , si x, mix, fix,
fit,
pig , bi g, miss s… y:
ma ny, , ci ty , b usy , s tor y, pre tty, lu cky, family, tw en ty , happy… 3)
[e] 字母组合 ea
e e
a
( ue ,u, ie,a i,ei ,ay) ea:
head , bread, sweat, re ady , wea the r,
d ead, ,
pleasure e: se ll,
s hell, , be d, de sk, , yes, , egg, , leg, , beg, ten, set,
red , he n,
wet, pet , neck, best ,
the m…、 、 a :
m any, any…
4)
)
[ [æ ] 发音字母 a a: bag g, , h and, and , a nt, , a ct, add,
happ y, hat, map, , m ad, bad, b lac k,
back , glad , flag,
sha ll, , ma n…
5) [З: ] 字母组合 ir
u r
e ar
er
or i r: gi rl, shirt t, ,
s skirt, th ir ty, , thirte en, t hird, ,
b ird, , sir, fir st, dirty…
ur:
turn n, , burn, mur de r,
nurse , t urtle, p urs e,
curse, hu rt,
burge r, Thu rsday y 、、、
ear: lea rn ,
earn,
ear th, , early , h eard… e r: t erm,
her , n erd ,
ser ve, ,
nerve… or: wor k, worm, word, wo rld… 6 )
[ə ]
字母组合 er
or
ar
ou
o
a
e
u er :
teach er, leader r, ,
pl ayer , sp eaker, w riter , dr rive r,
c ooke r, w orker , better ,
farmer…
or: doctor , actor , mayor, aut hor, labor, tu tor… o u:
delici ous s ,
g gr ac ious ,
famou s,
je alo us,
fabul ous…
ar: famili ar, co ll ar ,
dollar…
o :
to get her, t om or row, today ,
lesson n, , Washi ngton, , con tr ol , polite…
a:
ar ound , acc ount,
ag o, banana,
Cana da ,
Japan, , C hina… e:
the , men, listen…
u: mi nu s, bonu s… 7 )
[a :] 字母组合 ar
a
al
a u ar:
c ar, farm, , card, arm, , p art,
p ark, da rk, har d,
bar, , st ar, lar ge, mark ,
g arden… a :
fast ,
cl ass,
la st, , g lass, a sk , tas k, s pa…
a al :
calm , half…
a u: aunt , laugh… 8 8) [ʌ ʌ] 发音字母 u
o
o u
oo
u: up , cu p, us, bu s,
g gun , but , dust , fun , hu g, m us t, b ug, s um, shut , rug , tub,
supper , lunch , hu unt… o: e e, , mot her , dose e ,
b brother, love , som e, above…
ou: trouble e, , ro ugh , flourish o oo :
blood , flood… 9 )
[ɔ ɔ :] 字母组合
al
or
a u
our
ar
oor
ough al:
al l, small , wa ll,
talk , ta ll , ha ll , ba ll, c call , w alk…
or:
:
short t, ,
l ord , ho rse e, , f or, forty, sp ort,
co or rn, born, form, sto re , p erf orm…
a au:
:
author ,
paus e, caught , autumn… our :
four, y our,
pou r, mourn , cour t, c ourse… a ar :
warm , s warm ,
quar rel ,
quart er…
oor:
door, f loor… o ou gh: tho ugh t, bough t,
brou ght… 1 10 )
[ [ɒ ɒ ] 发音字母 o
a
o o:
hot ,
lost, lot, fox, b ox , mop p, ,
hop , lo ss , not t, ,
got, dot, do g, s top, shop, job,
k nock… a: wa nt, w ash, what,
wa tch… 1 1)
)
[ u:] ]
合 字母组合
oo
o
u
u e
ou
e w
o o:
too,
food d, , moon n, , mo od , shoo t, cool, fool , noo on, room,
g loom, ,
b br oom, , doo m, goo se, too th, school, smooth… o: s hoe, l ose, ,
m move , w ho , do ,
to, tw o… u :
ru le ,
ru by, rude , t rut h… u e:
true , gl ue ,
blue… o u:
thr ough , youth , sou p… e w:
flew, c lew,
che w\ 1 12 )
[ʊ ʊ] 字母组合
o oo
o
u
oul oo: look ,
go od ,
foot ,
book, wood, cook, h ook , t ook,
wo ol…
o: woman , wol f…
u :
p ut , full l, , b ull, pu ll, p us h… o ul:
sh ould,
wou ld ,
coul d…
1 3)
[ei ] 发音字母 a
ay
ea
ai
e y
a:
nam e, cake , late, gate e, , m aze , mate , fade , hate, , game , same, tape , sa fe, ,
l la ke, t ake , p lane… a y:
play, say y, , m ay,
way,
lay , pa y, gay, day ,
gr ra y,
play , ray, ha y, stay…
e a: gr eat t, ,
break… ai:
rain,
p aint, bai t, h ail, jail , maid ,
nail ,
sai il ,
tail , w ait , gain , waist , s nail , pai d…
e:
y:
th ey, grey, prey, , hey…、 、
eigh:
:
eight, wei gh t 14 )
[a i]
发音字母
i
y
igh
ie
i:
bike , fine, find , nine, kite , lik e,
life , wif e, r ise, b ite , wise , si ze, time, wi ne,
hike , hide , mile , mine, line , p ipe ,
div e… y y:
my , try , fly , cry ,
s hy , by , ty pe, ,
s sty le… i igh :
hig h, sig h, fight,
light , migh t, n ig ht,
ri gh t, br right , si ght, tight… ie :
li e, di e,
t ie,
pie…
15 )
[aʊ ʊ] ] 字母组合 ou
ow
ou: house, out, abo ut, mou se, shout, fo und, , grou nd, acco unt, c ount ,
so und,
loud ,
ar ound , with ou t… o w:
flower, now, t ow,
down n, , cow w, , how w, ,
town, bo ow , allow , bro ws e, to we l, power… 16 )
[əʊ ʊ ] 发音字母 o
ow
oa
o :
home , go,
no, pho ne ,
vote, note,
bone, t one , joke,
nose, rose,
cl ose, pose, ho pe, hol e, stove , Rome…
o w:
know , lo w, below , g gr row w, ,
blow, sh ow,
fl ow, , sno w, sl ow,
y ellow, win do w… o oa :
boat, ,
coat, goal ,
goat , foam , loaf, soap, to oad , roa d… 1 17) [ɪ ɔɪ] 字母组合 oy
oi oy :
boy, t oy,
joy , enjoy ,
d estroy,
an noy, oyster…
oi :
oil ,
s oil, voice , choice, coi n, join , b oil, s poil, p oint, av oi d… 18 )
[ɪ ɪə ]
字母组合 eer
ea r
er e e er :
be er, deer , peer…
ea r:
ear ,
h ear , n ear, g ear, tear, cl ear, ,
f fea a r, dear , rear… ere :
he re, , s in cer e, adhe re… 19) [eə] ] 字母组合e ea r
ai r
a re
ere e ar :
pear , bear, wear , de ar ,
year…
a ir :
chai r, a ir, pair, hair , f ai r, sta ir…
are :
care e, , rare, f are , dare, s pare, share,
ba re , squa ar e… ere :
where, t here… 20 )
[ʊ ʊə]
字母组合 our
ure
oor our :
tour , de tour , to uri st… ure:s ure , as sure , pu re 、、 o or:
poor, moor… 2 1) [p] 字母组合
p
pp p: p ass , pen , p ity, pu t, p lay , pol ite ,
poli ce , please… p pp:
:
h happ y, s hopp ing… 22 )
[ b] 字母组合 b
bb b b: b ag,
bed, , bit e,
b ody, , bl ess, , brin g,
b row… bb: cabbag e, robber ,
st ubbo rn, ra bb it… 23 )
[t ] 字母组合
t
tt
ed t :
at , it,
type, time ,
tale, fright ,
tuna… tt :
little, ,
b be tter ,
bottom… ed :
look ed , coo ke d, f ini shed, dropped , ty ped… 2 24)
[d]
字母组合 d
d d
ed d: day, do, , duty, , glad, r eady, di me, ,
lend,
death… dd:
middle , sudd en, ,
d daddy , ad d…
ed :
cle aned, ,
p played d, , named… 2 5)
[k]
字母组合
c
k k
cc
ck
ch
q
q que
qu
c c
: cle ar , ca ndy , coa st, cl ue ,
ca rd… k: key,
kin d, kiss , kill,
l ik e… cc :
account, accuse… ck :
du ck ,
kick, ,
b back ,
bl ack,
clo ck, Jack , dec, k, li ck, ,
lock, ne ck, pac k,
ro ck , s ic k, s ack , s sock… c ch: chem ist ry , Chris tmas, ch aracter, Chr istian… q:
que stion,
reque st… qu :
conque r, cheq uer… qu e:
antiqu e,
b outiq ue… 2 26) [g ] 字母组合 g
g g
g h
g u
g gue e g :
go, go al, good,
pig , green… g g: t rigger ,
strug gle , b aggage , b eggar… gh: ghost , Ghana… gu :
g uilty, guard , g uide ,
g uess , guest , gu y, guita ar… gue :colleagu e, vogue… 2 7)
[f] 字母组合 f
ff
ph
gh
f :
face , fee l, fast, few, foot… ff :
cliff , o ffice ,
coffee… ph:
phone ,
ph oto, ph ysics… g h:
l augh,
e noug h,
toug h… 2 28 )
[v ] 字母组合 v v:
lea ve ,value , vote ,
voice,
favor, vast , vivo, ,
v vi ce… 2 9)
[s ] 字母组合
s
se
c
ce
sc
s s s:
son,
si ste, r, first, , sa ve, spea, k, see, s ound, just,
seek k… se:
hous e, mo use, c ou rse… c:
city, cent , e xci ted… ce:
nice, f ace, ri ce , i ce, twice ,
advic e… s sc :
scienc e, s cen e, scent… ss:
kiss , miss,
less, pass,
suc ce ss… 30 )
[ z] 字母组合 z
ze
s
se
zz
ss z z : zo o, zone, zip , ze ro, l azy… ze:
re alize , ama ze ,
prize , apo logi ze… s: p ho to s, l eav es, ey es, bags , nam es… se: nose,
whos e,
use, amuse , ros e, these , ch ee se, s eize, becaus e, wis e…
zz :
pu zzl e,
dizzy,
jazz… ss :
s cissor… 3 1)
[θ] 字母组合 t h t th :
thank, b ath, ,
t tooth, thi ef , th ink , thick , the me, , h ea lth, the ater , th in g, thi rd,
w ealt h… 32) [ð]
字母组合 合 th th:
:
the n, they, with,
thus, t han, , there, , th is,
the m, mo othe r,
w het he r… 3 33) [ [ʃ ʃ] ] 字母组合 sh
ss
ch
s si
ti,s i,c i s sh: sh out, , s heep, sh, e,
shy, ,
c ash, shor t, fi sh, , sho ow… s ss: issue,
pressure , passion… ch:
c hef, machine… s si :
mission , session… ti, ,
s si,
ci :
stati on, loca tion, t ension , special , s oci ial ,
susp icio n… 34)
)
[ [ʒ ʒ]
字母组合 s
si
ge
s: me asur e, leisure , pleasure,
casua l,
usu ally… s i:
deci si on , confus ion , Asia… ge :
massage, b ei ge, m ira ge… 35)
[tʃ ʃ ] 字母组合 ch
tch
t
:
ch:
check, ,
l unch, , chat, , chair, , cheep, c heat,
change… t tch :
watch, ma tch ,
pit ch… t: fe atu re , lec tu re,
cultu re… 3 36) [dʒ ʒ ] 字母组合 j
g
dge
g e
j :
j ail , jok e, jus t, jui ce, join… :
g:
ginger, , d an ger,
gen ius, en ergy, ,
e engin eer… d dge :
edge , judge , bridge,
knowl edge… ge: age , chan ge , villag e, ex change , hu ge, col lege…
37 )
[ tr] ] 字母组合 tr tr:
tri gger , trip ,
try , t rue, tr ain , tra vel, truc ck , tra p… 38 8 )
[ [d r] 字母组合 d r dr:
drive , dress, dru g, dr eam, dri nk, d ry ,
draw, d raft t… 39)
)
[ [ts ] 字母组合 ts
tes ts :
l ig hts s, , boat s, c oats, ni ghts, cats , e ats ,
acts,
lots, fi ts, mee ts… te s:date s, kit es , bites,
hates, gr aduates, tastes… 40) [dz]
字母组合
d ds
des d s:
birds , words, kids , ha nds, ,
c ca rds, needs , h und dreds…
d es :
p rovides , sides, bes ide s,
decide s, fades… 4 41 )
[m] 字母组合 m
mm
mb
m n
me m m: make , m an , mi lk, s wim , me an,
mess ,
mind, , drum… mm:
swi mm er , yumm y… m mb :
b ,
bo mb , tomb… mn :
damn , co lu mn… m e:
time,
home, name, volume… 42) [n] ]
字母组合 n
ne
n nn
kn n :
note,
now , need , new , nic e, natur e,
no t, nig gh t, clean… n e: nine , a lone , fi ne,
din e… n nn:
annua l, annou nce, annoy… kn:
:
k kno w,
kni fe , k nig ht,
kn oc k,
kneel,
kno ob… 43 )
[ŋ ]
字母组合 n
n g n:
t hink,
pink , d rink, ,
b bank, th an k… n ng :
sing, ,
song ,
ki ng ,
wing, brin g, str ong , ring g… 44 4)
)
[ [ h] ] 字母组合 h
wh h:
h ave , here , hair, he , h ug, hal f, hero, hu ge , hop pe , h ide, high…
wh :
wh o,
whose , whom, w hol e… 45 )
[l ] 字母组合 l
l l
l :
like, lad y, leave , l ist , last, l ife, little , fe el, f fail , girl, sch ool… ll :
will , village ,
fall , ta ll , h ill… 46 6 )
[ [r] ]
字母组合
r
rr
w r r r:
ro ad, rose, read,
ri ce, ru le, r ow, r ise, righ t… rr:
worry , s orry , arrive… w r:
wrong ,
write,
w rap… 4 7)
[j] ]
字母组合 y
i
y :
yes, ye ll , young , you, ye t, yea r… i: billion , mil lion… 48 )
[w ] 字母组合 w
u
w :
w ant, war , well, wash , w ay, wi nd , we t, wi ng… u :
quit e, req ui re ,
language, q uarter, ,
q que st ion…
常见得不完全爆破音得发音规则 爆破音:
[p p ]
[b b ]
[t] ]
[d d ]
[k k ]
[ g] 碍 爆破音就是指发音器官在口腔中形成阻碍, 气流冲破阻碍而发出得音。但在某些情况下, 发爆破音时, 气流不必冲破阻碍, 而只就是发音器官在口腔中形成阻碍, 并稍做停顿, 也就就是说,在发音时只需要做出这个音得口型,但不需要发出音来,这样得音就就是我们所说得不完全爆破音。
不完全爆破可以发生在单词,短语与句子中, 主要有三类:
1 、两个或两个以上得爆破音相连,只爆破最后一个 爆破音, 其她爆破音只需做出口型:act t
[ [æ( k)
t ]
a ct two [ækt )
:
:tu ] • bookke eper /b ukki :pə/
handbag / hændbæg / •
blackb oard / blæ kb
:d/
s it do wn /si t daun/
•
that ti me /ðæ t
tai m/
a r ed car / /ə red ka :/ •
use d to / j u: sd tu/
2 、 爆破音后跟 着摩擦音或 破擦音[tʃ ʃ]/ [ dʒ ʒ] 时, 爆破音失去爆破: 如 如:picture ["pɪ ɪkt t ʃər ]
that jud ge [ðæt
d d ʒʌdʒ ʒ] brea kf ast
['b re kfə st],
be st
friend 3、 、
爆破音后跟鼻音与边辅音时,爆破音也不爆破: 如:g good
mo rning
[ɡ ɡʊ ʊd
"mɔ ɔrnɪ ɪŋ ]
let m e [let mi:
:] ] 浊化 : 一般情况下,音节开头如果有两个在一起得清辅音,
那么第二个 清辅音发成与其相对应得浊辅音
。
。
按照英语得读音习惯,在[s ] 音后面得清辅 音会读成相应得浊辅音,这就就是清辅音浊化。如: stic k中,t读作[d ]。辅音浊化 也并非。
完全得发浊音,它介于清音与浊音之间,发音并不如浊音那么强烈。
• 下面就是四种常见得浊化情况:
• [sp] ]
〉 -〉
[ [sb
]
[st]
— > [sd] ] • sport
sta ir
• space
st and • speak
sta rt • spoon
st ea m • s pri ng
st ick k •
[sk]— > [sg]
[str]
—〉 〉 [sdr ] • s kir t
s s tream • skate
s tree t • sk y
strike • ski
strict • school
s tring